نشریه سیاست نامه علم و فناوری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 30، بهار 1399)

There are two main sectors in the global economy: the manufacturing sector and the service sector. Over the years, the manufacturing sector became the most important sector of the economy and attracted attention. The main reason for this attention can be found in the writings of Adam Smith, who stated that "the productivity of this sector is much higher than others." In view of Smith, activities are "constructive" that lead to the production of visible goods. Other activities are unproductive, even if they are beneficial to people's well-being because they do not produce visible and exported goods. Thus, production was considered the most crucial part of the economy. The lack of attention from researchers and paying less attention to the service sector made this crucial part of the global economy less important than the production sector, and the principles of this sector were defined under the dominance of the concepts of the production sector. Since the 1980s, the GDP increase has often originated from the industries related to the service sector. This attracted researchers' attention to the service sector, and more research was conducted in this regard. Some terms, including "Service economics," "post-industrial society," and "the growth of the third sector," have emerged due to the importance of this sector. In this study, we attempt to eliminate the existing misconceptions about post-production services and paying less attention to the service sector than production in the supply chain with an in-depth look at the literature. We also try to explain the importance of the sector in the global economy.

Distributed ledger technologies have recently attracted much attention, and blockchain, as the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies, is the focal point of this attention. Blockchain has been used in various domains, such as cloud, fog, and edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT). However, it is faced with some limitations and cannot support frequent transactions. Besides, edge computing, after cloud and fog computing, serves as the key enabler for many future technologies like 5G, IoT, and vehicle-to-vehicle communications by connecting cloud computing resources and services to the end-users and extends them at the edge of the network. At the same time, it is currently confronted with challenges in decentralized management and security. Incorporating blockchain and edge computing in one system can provide reliable access and control of the network, storage, and computation distributed at the edges. It provides a large scale of network servers, data storage, and validity computation near the end in a secure manner. Notwithstanding the benefits of integrated blockchain and edge computing systems, their scalability enhancement, self-organization, resource management, functions integration, and security issues need to be addressed before widespread implementation. This paper reviews recent studies about enabling the integrated blockchain and edge computing system. Several critical aspects of the integration of blockchain and edge computing are identified. Finally, some of the effects of this integration on the business are discussed.

Entrepreneurial resilience is the ability to withstand adversity quickly and is one of the most important personal traits in entrepreneurship. The resilience of women entrepreneurs in rural areas effectively creates or promotes business resilience, and as a result, the rural society. Resilient entrepreneurs welcome change instead of resisting and are very risk-averse and tolerant in achieving goals and managing challenges. This research aims to analyze the resilience of rural women entrepreneurs. The study's statistical population includes all members of parent companies supporting the development of agriculture in Fars province. The study was performed using stratified and random sampling methods with a sample of 269 people. A questionnaire was developed to collect data. The Connor-Davidson Individual Resilience Measurement Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience. According to the study results, the individual resilience of rural women in Fars province is almost high. A Comparison of the individual resilience in the three cities of the study shows that women entrepreneurs in Marvdasht and Shiraz have higher individual resilience than women entrepreneurs in Estahban. The variables of entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial motivation, creativity, and the number of family members have a significant correlation with women entrepreneurs' resilience. Based on the results of the Stepwise regression, entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial motivation, creativity, and the number of family members can predict the changes in women's resilience. Improving individual characteristics is necessary to improve rural women's entrepreneurial resilience. Therefore, it is suggested that training should be considered to strengthen the motivation, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit of rural women. Strengthening the skills of rural women in decision-making, stress management, concentration, emotional control, and independent thinking will also improve their resilience.

The present study intends to discuss the use of Altmetrics in evaluating the number of information resources used by libraries by a text-based approach. The present study is a systematic literature review using studying and analyzing and investigating texts. The use of Altmetrics in the library leads to an appropriate benchmark for the use of digital content and access to core and specific resources. This helps libraries to receive grants and scholarships from international organizations for their research projects. Altmetrics inform researchers about the impact of their scientific resources on the inside and outside the organization and make individuals aware of the impact of scientific resources around them. In this situation, not only are librarians aware of the scientific activities of various university groups, but they also can bring students with them. Library management can provide the affiliated organization or university with a complete report of the outstanding scientific activities of its researchers in cyberspace.

Building organizational culture and improving organizational software are among the essential factors that influence organizational processes' improvement. Organizations have learned from experience that improving organizational processes, especially organizational software, can lead to better management of organizational change and has a positive impact on organizational performance. The present study examined the impact of knowledge sharing in various organizational cultures, the success of the software upgrade process, and how managers support software improvement. It is a descriptive, survey, and correlation study in terms of purpose. In terms of classification based on the result and application, it is an applied research. For the experimental investigation of the research model, SPSS 25 statistical software, and PLS partial minimum squares were used. The study population includes 220 employees of Bandar Anzali Customs Office, and its statistical population is 136 people based on Morgan's formula. The results show that group organizational culture has a more robust and better effect than hierarchical culture in the success of software implementation. Besides, group culture and hierarchical culture have a connection with software improvement success and guarantee the support of the organization's managers and software implementation. It was found that sharing knowledge is the key to improving group culture mediation software and supporting senior managers in the success of software improvement.

Following the development of the Internet, traditional banks and financial institutions realized that they had no choice but to accept the transformation trend. Moreover, there was an excellent opportunity for startups and technology activists to enter the financial field. In recent years, fintech or financial technology has become the most popular term in the world's economic markets. Investors in emerging markets are looking to gain a foothold by innovation. Although FinTech still has a long way to reach the desired position, this financial innovation has attracted attentions from many countries. This study is a ibrary research and seeks to examine the developments, applications, advantages and disadvantages of FinTech in Iran and the world.